1111. Maximum Nesting Depth of Two Valid Parentheses Strings

Description

A string is a valid parentheses string (denoted VPS) if and only if it consists of "(" and ")" characters only, and:

  • It is the empty string, or
  • It can be written as AB (A concatenated with B), where A and B are VPS's, or
  • It can be written as (A), where A is a VPS.

We can similarly define the nesting depth depth(S) of any VPS S as follows:

  • depth("") = 0
  • depth(A + B) = max(depth(A), depth(B)), where A and B are VPS's
  • depth("(" + A + ")") = 1 + depth(A), where A is a VPS.

For example,  "", "()()", and "()(()())" are VPS's (with nesting depths 0, 1, and 2), and ")(" and "(()" are not VPS's.

 

Given a VPS seq, split it into two disjoint subsequences A and B, such that A and B are VPS's (and A.length + B.length = seq.length).

Now choose any such A and B such that max(depth(A), depth(B)) is the minimum possible value.

Return an answer array (of length seq.length) that encodes such a choice of A and B:  answer[i] = 0 if seq[i] is part of A, else answer[i] = 1.  Note that even though multiple answers may exist, you may return any of them.

 

Example 1:

Input: seq = "(()())"
Output: [0,1,1,1,1,0]

Example 2:

Input: seq = "()(())()"
Output: [0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1]

 

Constraints:

  • 1 <= seq.size <= 10000

Solutions

Solution 1: Greedy

We use a variable xx to maintain the current balance of parentheses, which is the number of left parentheses minus the number of right parentheses.

We traverse the string seqseq, updating the value of xx. If xx is odd, we assign the current left parenthesis to AA, otherwise we assign it to BB.

The time complexity is O(n)O(n), where nn is the length of the string seqseq. Ignoring the space consumption of the answer, the space complexity is O(1)O(1).

Python Code
 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12

class Solution:
    def maxDepthAfterSplit(self, seq: str) -> List[int]:
        ans = [0] * len(seq)
        x = 0
        for i, c in enumerate(seq):
            if c == "(":
                ans[i] = x & 1
                x += 1
            else:
                x -= 1
                ans[i] = x & 1
        return ans

Java Code
 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14

class Solution {
    public int[] maxDepthAfterSplit(String seq) {
        int n = seq.length();
        int[] ans = new int[n];
        for (int i = 0, x = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            if (seq.charAt(i) == '(') {
                ans[i] = x++ & 1;
            } else {
                ans[i] = --x & 1;
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
}

C++ Code
 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14
15

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> maxDepthAfterSplit(string seq) {
        int n = seq.size();
        vector<int> ans(n);
        for (int i = 0, x = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            if (seq[i] == '(') {
                ans[i] = x++ & 1;
            } else {
                ans[i] = --x & 1;
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
};

Go Code
 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14

func maxDepthAfterSplit(seq string) []int {
	n := len(seq)
	ans := make([]int, n)
	for i, x := 0, 0; i < n; i++ {
		if seq[i] == '(' {
			ans[i] = x & 1
			x++
		} else {
			x--
			ans[i] = x & 1
		}
	}
	return ans
}

TypeScript Code
 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12

function maxDepthAfterSplit(seq: string): number[] {
    const n = seq.length;
    const ans: number[] = new Array(n);
    for (let i = 0, x = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        if (seq[i] === '(') {
            ans[i] = x++ & 1;
        } else {
            ans[i] = --x & 1;
        }
    }
    return ans;
}